Qamar Bashir
Washington used the MoU to secure the reopening of Hormuz, then moved to neutralise Iran’s leverage, bypass its authority and impose American power...
Sultan M. Hali
In the shifting sands of Middle Eastern geopolitics, Pakistan’s recent security Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Saudi Arabia represents more than a...
Qamar Bashir
The Ankara Summit exposes an alliance increasingly forced to manage the temperament of the American presidency while struggling to manage the security of...
Hazrat Hafsa
Pakistan’s gradual shift towards de-dollarization is a response to its economic vulnerabilities and changing geopolitical circumstances. With a shortage of foreign exchange and...