Abdul Basit Alvi
Regrettably, there’s a prevalent belief that the State bears sole responsibility for serving us, with no reciprocal duties on our part. However, in any society, there exists a delicate equilibrium of responsibilities shared between the governing body and its citizens. This equilibrium is the bedrock of a functional and harmonious community. Recognizing and fulfilling these responsibilities are vital for the overall well-being and advancement of the nation.
One of the foremost duties of the state is to ensure the safety and security of its populace, encompassing protection from external threats and the maintenance of law and order domestically. Essential infrastructure such as roads, schools, hospitals, and utilities must be provided to the citizens. Additionally, access to quality education, healthcare, transportation, and other public services is indispensable for societal progress and individual welfare.
A responsible state establishes and upholds laws and regulations that promote justice, equality, and the rights of its citizens, ensuring transparency, accountability, and efficiency in governance. Upholding the rule of law and democratic principles is paramount. Moreover, the state plays a pivotal role in fostering economic growth, employment opportunities, and equitable wealth distribution.
Preservation of the environment and natural resources is a shared responsibility, with the state tasked with implementing policies for sustainable development and conservation. Citizens, on the other hand, have a duty to actively participate in the democratic process, respect the law, and contribute positively to their communities through engagement and environmental stewardship.
In the context of AJK, it’s noteworthy to observe that Pakistan, the Pakistani Army, and the State of AJK are effectively fulfilling their respective responsibilities, contributing physically and financially to the functioning of the state. In the stunning vistas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), celebrated for its rich cultural legacy and breathtaking natural beauty, stands a testament to the enduring unity between Pakistan and its northern regions. The manner in which the Pakistani government treats AJK showcases a strong alliance and a sincere commitment to the welfare of its people. Since its independence in 1947, AJK has maintained a unique bond with Pakistan, one that transcends mere administrative divisions. The Pakistani government has consistently demonstrated its dedication to the advancement of AJK through various means, including financial aid, infrastructure development, and political representation. Economically, Pakistan provides substantial support to enhance AJK’s infrastructure, healthcare, education, and social welfare initiatives, thus enhancing the quality of life and delivering essential services to its populace. Furthermore, the government actively promotes investment in AJK, fostering economic expansion and employment opportunities across diverse sectors such as tourism, agriculture, and energy. Infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, and communication networks have been given priority to improve connectivity and stimulate regional development. Additionally, investments in healthcare and education highlight Pakistan’s acknowledgment of the importance of human capital in fostering sustainable progress. Politically, residents of AJK are represented in Pakistan’s institutions, ensuring their voices are heard nationally and reflecting Pakistan’s strong solidarity with the people of AJK. Pakistan’s commitment is further evidenced by ongoing investments across various sectors, including education, healthcare, and infrastructure, with the aim of raising living standards and promoting economic prosperity. Numerous educational institutions have been established in AJK, providing not just academic education but also serving as platforms for cultural exchange and the promotion of tolerance among students. Financial aid programs and scholarships are available to support students from underprivileged backgrounds. Access to quality healthcare is vital for community well-being, and Pakistan has established hospitals, clinics, and healthcare centers across AJK staffed by skilled professionals and equipped with modern facilities. Regular outreach programs and vaccination campaigns address public health concerns and prevent disease spread. Infrastructure development is crucial for economic growth, and Pakistan has initiated various projects in AJK, including road networks, bridges, and dams, creating job opportunities and stimulating economic activity. Reliable electricity is essential, and Pakistan has invested in energy projects, including hydroelectric power plants, to ensure a sustainable energy supply for residents. AJK’s natural beauty makes it a potential tourist destination, and Pakistan has launched initiatives to promote tourism, focusing on infrastructure development while preserving the region’s environment and cultural heritage. Given the region’s vulnerability to natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods, Pakistan has established a comprehensive disaster management framework to provide timely relief and rehabilitation assistance to affected areas in AJK. This includes the setup of emergency shelters, distribution of food and medical supplies, and efforts towards reconstruction to aid communities in their recovery and rebuilding efforts.
In an effort to uplift marginalized communities and empower vulnerable groups, Pakistan has implemented various socio-economic support programs in AJK. These initiatives focus on poverty alleviation, women’s empowerment, vocational training, and the promotion of small-scale entrepreneurship. Through these programs, resources and opportunities are provided to improve livelihoods and foster inclusive development.
The Pakistan Army, dedicated to ensuring national security and promoting socio-economic progress, has played a crucial role in AJK. In addition to its defense responsibilities, the army has undertaken numerous initiatives to uplift communities, enhance infrastructure, and enhance the overall quality of life. This involves the establishment and restoration of essential infrastructure such as roads, bridges, educational institutions, medical facilities, and water supply systems. Through its engineering corps, the army leads projects aimed at enhancing connectivity, improving transportation, and delivering vital services to remote regions. These initiatives not only enhance the quality of life for residents but also contribute to socio-economic advancement and regional integration.
During times of natural disasters, the Pakistan Army takes the lead in providing relief and rehabilitation in AJK. Quick-response teams are dispatched to provide emergency medical aid, shelter, food, and clean water to affected areas. Additionally, the army collaborates with civil authorities and international organizations to coordinate relief efforts, ensuring timely assistance to impacted communities. Through its proactive approach and efficient logistics, the Pakistan Army has saved countless lives and assisted communities in recovering from natural disasters.
Operating various medical facilities across AJK, the army offers high-quality healthcare services, including routine check-ups, surgeries, and specialized treatments. Mobile medical camps are also deployed to reach underserved populations in remote areas. Beyond healthcare, the army conducts awareness campaigns on preventive measures, maternal and child health, and hygiene education, aiming to improve community well-being and prevent diseases.
Recognizing the importance of education in community empowerment, the Pakistan Army has established schools, colleges, and vocational training centers in AJK. These institutions not only provide academic education but also offer technical and vocational skills training, preparing students for employment opportunities. Moreover, scholarships and financial aid programs are available to support talented students from disadvantaged backgrounds, enabling them to pursue higher education and realize their potential.
The Pakistan Army is actively involved in various socio-economic empowerment initiatives in AJK, focusing on uplifting marginalized communities and improving livelihoods. These initiatives include microfinance programs, agricultural development projects, and support for small-scale entrepreneurship, all aimed at creating sustainable income opportunities. Additionally, the army promotes women’s empowerment through vocational training, literacy programs, and improved access to healthcare services, promoting gender equality and social inclusion.
In addition to these efforts, the Pakistan Army engages with communities in AJK through outreach programs, cultural exchanges, and sports events, fostering camaraderie, promoting interfaith harmony, and strengthening the relationship between the army and the civilian population. Additionally, the army hosts programs for youth development, leadership workshops, and recreational activities, aiming to direct the energies of young individuals positively and cultivate a culture of peace and tolerance. It’s important to highlight that the Pakistan Army maintains a close relationship with the people of AJK, as evidenced by the significant presence of Kashmiris in various ranks of the army, demonstrating equal opportunities for recruitment and progression.
In contrast, the situation in IIOJK has been characterized by neglect and deprivation for an extended period, with residents facing a shortage of fundamental facilities and essential services despite being a so-called integral part of the broader Indian state. The Indian government, Indian Army, and the Government of IIOJK have failed in fulfilling their responsibilities. Persistent systemic discrimination deprives the people of IIOJK of access to various amenities readily available in other parts of India. The healthcare infrastructure in IIOJK remains severely lacking, with shortages of hospitals, medical facilities, and trained professionals. Residents often face long journeys to receive basic healthcare, leading to delays in treatment and worsening health conditions. Furthermore, the region struggles with insufficient medical equipment, diagnostic facilities, and essential medications, further endangering the health and well-being of the population.
Similarly, many in IIOJK are denied access to quality education, a fundamental right, due to a scarcity of educational institutions. The shortage of schools, colleges, and universities limits educational opportunities for children and youth. Moreover, the curriculum often overlooks the cultural diversity and historical significance of the region, perpetuating a sense of alienation and erasing identity among the younger generation.
Infrastructure development in IIOJK lags far behind other regions of India, evident in deteriorating roads, inadequate transportation networks, and unreliable public services. Essential services such as clean water, reliable electricity, and adequate sanitation facilities are frequently lacking or unreliable, significantly reducing the quality of life for residents. Additionally, the region suffers from a lack of investment in crucial infrastructure projects, hindering economic growth and overall development. Unemployment rates in IIOJK exceed those in other Indian regions, with limited job prospects and economic opportunities for locals.
Despite the Indian government’s so-called welfare initiatives and social safety nets, they fall short in adequately addressing the needs of IIOJK residents. Programs aimed at poverty alleviation, healthcare subsidies, and food assistance often fail to reach or inadequately cover the population in the region, exacerbating socio-economic disparities. The ongoing neglect perpetuates a cycle of poverty and deprivation, depriving vulnerable communities of crucial resources and support systems.
Residents of IIOJK endure severe restrictions on their fundamental rights, including freedom of expression, assembly, and association, imposed through draconian laws. Heavy-handed tactics of security forces, arbitrary detentions, and censorship suppress dissent and undermine democratic values. Lack of accountability for human rights violations fosters fear and distrust in government and institutions. Vulnerability to natural disasters is worsened by inadequate preparedness and relief efforts, leaving residents at heightened risk during crises. Furthermore, the politicization of humanitarian aid delays its timely and effective distribution to affected communities. IIOJK stands as a stark reminder of the ongoing human rights crisis perpetuated by the Indian government and its armed forces. Its people have endured years of systemic oppression, state-sponsored violence, and severe human rights violations. Despite global condemnation, Indian authorities act with impunity, committing atrocities against civilians while showing blatant disregard for human dignity. Security forces have a documented history of extrajudicial killings and arbitrary arrests, often targeting civilians under the guise of maintaining law and order. Innocent individuals frequently face violence, disappearances, and extended detentions without trial, often labeled as “terrorists” under draconian laws such as the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA). Reports of torture and inhumane treatment of detainees are distressingly common, with perpetrators shielded by state-endorsed impunity. Excessive force is regularly deployed against unarmed civilians, resulting in casualties, injuries, and property damage, further traumatizing the community. The deliberate targeting of civilians, including vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly, constitutes a clear violation of international humanitarian law, showcasing a blatant disregard for human life by those responsible. The Indian government’s frequent imposition of curfews, movement restrictions, and communication blackouts in the region has instilled widespread fear and a sense of isolation among the populace. Entire communities endure prolonged lockdowns, grappling with limited access to essential services, medical aid, and information. This siege mentality perpetuated by authorities not only exacerbates the suffering of the people but also obstructs efforts to hold security forces accountable for human rights violations. Basic rights and freedoms, such as freedom of expression, assembly, and association, are systematically denied to the people of IIOJK. Journalists, activists, and human rights defenders often face intimidation, harassment, and censorship when they speak out against injustices or document human rights abuses. The suppression of dissent and independent voices serves to further erode democratic principles and delegitimize the actions of the Indian government in the region. The rich cultural heritage and unique identity of the people in IIOJK are systematically undermined by governmental policies aimed at enforcing conformity and suppressing opposition. Cultural symbols, religious sites, and linguistic traditions are targeted for appropriation or destruction as part of an effort to impose a singular narrative that disregards the historical and cultural diversity of the region. This deliberate erasure of identity compounds the marginalization and disempowerment experienced by the people of IIOJK, stripping away their heritage and sense of belonging. Moreover, there is a deep-seated animosity between the people of IIOJK and the Indian Army, resulting in minimal representation of Kashmiris within its ranks. Kashmiris encounter unequal opportunities for recruitment and advancement in the Indian Army due to a lack of trust and perceived inequality in citizenship. This sentiment is further fueled by the atrocities committed by the Indian government and its armed forces against innocent Kashmiris, fostering a profound resentment towards the Indian Army. Several incidents underscore the severity of human rights abuses in IIOJK. For instance, in July 2016, the killing of Burhan Wani, a prominent Kashmiri figure, sparked widespread protests met with excessive force by Indian security forces, resulting in numerous civilian casualties. Subsequent events, such as the Pulwama suicide bombing in February 2019, led to further crackdowns, including arbitrary detentions and extrajudicial killings. Instances like the Shopian shooting in March 2018, where unarmed civilians were fatally shot, highlight the disproportionate use of force by Indian security forces. The case of Irfan Ahmed Dar, reportedly tortured to death in Indian army custody in May 2020, reignited calls for accountability and exposed the pervasive culture of impunity within the Indian armed forces operating in IIOJK. These occurrences emphasize the pressing requirement for an impartial inquiry into human rights infringements and emphasize the continuous endeavor for fairness and answerability in the area. The systematic prevalence of disappearances and forced displacements by Indian security forces in IIOJK has caused deep anguish and despair among impacted families. Countless Kashmiri civilians, ranging from political figures and journalists to regular citizens, have encountered arbitrary apprehensions and indefinite confinement without lawful procedures, frequently disappearing without a trace. Despite relentless endeavors, numerous families persist in their pursuit to find their absent loved ones, enduring intimidation and harassment from authorities throughout their journey. The extensive use of pellet guns by Indian security forces to quell protests in IIOJK has led to severe injuries and lasting disabilities among civilians, including minors. These so-called “non-lethal” weapons have caused significant harm to the eyesight and physical well-being of numerous Kashmiri youths, prompting calls for their prohibition and the adoption of more humane crowd control tactics. Furthermore, the frequent enforcement of communication blackouts and internet shutdowns by the Indian government in IIOJK has curtailed freedom of expression and hindered access to crucial information. These strict measures, often justified under the guise of maintaining public order, have disrupted livelihoods, education, and healthcare services, worsening the already difficult circumstances faced by the people of IIOJK.
Certain segments within Indian media, the Indian establishment, and santi-state elements in Pakistan assert that the governance in IIOJK surpasses that of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). They propagate the misleading idea that residents of IIOJK enjoy better facilities and higher levels of happiness compared to those in AJK. It is imperative to conduct an impartial comparison of the governance and developmental achievements of both regions.
A thorough analysis reveals significant disparities, with AJK showcasing commendable governance while IIOJK lags behind. AJK has flourished under a stable political environment, characterized by smooth power transitions and a functional democratic framework. This stability has enabled the government to focus on development initiatives and welfare programs. AJK’s economy has experienced consistent growth, driven by investments in hydroelectric power, infrastructure, tourism, and agriculture. Substantial progress has been made in healthcare, education, and social services, resulting in higher human development indices such as life expectancy, literacy rates, and per capita income compared to IIOJK.
In contrast, IIOJK has grappled with recurrent political instability, marked by frequent administrative changes and strained relations with the Indian central government. The region has been plagued by widespread human rights violations, including restrictions on freedom of expression, assembly, and movement. The situation has deteriorated since the abrogation of Article 370, with escalating atrocities committed by Indian authorities and armed forces against the populace. The economy of IIOJK has suffered from inadequate investment, limited job opportunities, and a decline in tourism. Social unrest persists, characterized by recurring protests and heavy-handed tactics by security forces against civilians.
Additionally, unfounded claims circulate regarding the affordability of basic necessities such as electricity and flour, purportedly being lower in IIOJK compared to AJK. However, this assertion is entirely false and aims to sow discord against AJK and Pakistan. Indeed, the actual prices of flour in AJK stand at 1000 PKR for 20 kg and 2000 PKR for 40 kg, whereas in IIOJK, the cost of 40 kg of flour is 4670 Rupees. Electricity tariffs for residential and commercial purposes exhibit notable differences between AJK and IIOJK, with rates of 3 PKR and 10 PKR in AJK, respectively, as opposed to 18 Rps and 49 Rps in IIOJK. This contrast highlights the distinct strategies pursued by the respective governments. AJK places a strong emphasis on development, stability, and the well-being of its residents, contrasting with IIOJK’s struggles with political instability, human rights issues, and economic stagnation.
The comparison clearly demonstrates that Pakistan, along with its Army and the State of AJK, is fulfilling its responsibilities far more effectively than what India is doing with IIOJK. It’s essential for the people of AJK to acknowledge and fulfill their own responsibilities. While AJK lacks significant industries or agricultural output, relying heavily on support from Pakistan for resources, it’s crucial to recognize the contributions made by other provinces of Pakistan, such as Punjab and Sindh, which have thriving industries and agricultural sectors, contributing significantly to government revenue without seeking subsidies. The share of AJK in lieu of taxes and revenue generation is very less.
When it comes to utilities like electricity, it’s important to understand the complexity involved in its provision, including the costs of equipment, human resources, maintenance, and operation. Similarly, the pricing of commodities like flour should consider all associated costs. It’s vital to approach demands realistically and logically, taking into account all aspects of the situation.
The state is diligently fulfilling its responsibilities, and now it’s incumbent upon the people to do the same. Rather than solely focusing on personal gains, it’s crucial for individuals to adopt a positive attitude and actively contribute to the welfare and progress of the entire country and state.
