The distinction between a civilized and less civilized society hinges on various factors, with the most significant being the behaviors demonstrated by its members. These behaviors are a reflection of the values, norms, and systems governing interactions within these societies.
In civilized societies, there is widespread adherence to laws and institutions. Citizens respect and follow legal frameworks that regulate social behavior, ensuring order and accountability. Conversely, societies perceived as less civilized often show greater disregard for laws, resulting in impunity, disorder, and mistrust of authorities.
Civilized societies prioritize respect and consideration for others, expecting individuals to interact with empathy, tolerance, and courtesy regardless of differences. In contrast, less civilized societies may exhibit tendencies toward discrimination, prejudice, or intolerance, leading to social divisions and conflicts.
Peaceful conflict resolution through dialogue, negotiation, and legal means is emphasized in civilized societies. Disputes ideally undergo fair processes that uphold justice and foster reconciliation. In contrast, societies with less emphasis on civility may resort to violence, coercion, or vigilante justice, perpetuating cycles of conflict.
Human rights are safeguarded and respected in civilized societies, ensuring dignity, equality, and freedoms for all individuals. Institutions and laws are designed to protect vulnerable groups and uphold fundamental rights. Conversely, societies with less regard for civility may experience prevalent human rights abuses such as discrimination and exploitation, undermining social cohesion and individual well-being.
Accountability and transparency in governance and public institutions are prioritized in civilized societies, with mechanisms in place to hold leaders accountable for their actions, promoting trust and legitimacy. Conversely, societies lacking in civility may suffer from corruption, nepotism, and lack of transparency, hindering socio-economic development.
Civilized societies demonstrate social responsibility and environmental stewardship, valuing collective well-being, sustainable practices, and the preservation of natural resources for future generations. In contrast, less civilized societies may exploit resources, degrade the environment, and neglect social responsibilities, impacting long-term sustainability.
In societies that value democracy and individual rights, few principles are as fundamental as the right to freedom of expression and peaceful protest. These rights serve as pillars of democracy, empowering citizens to voice opinions, advocate for change, and hold governments accountable. Freedom of expression ensures individuals can articulate their thoughts, beliefs, and opinions without fear, encompassing speech, writing, art, and other forms of expression both online and offline.
Democratic societies benefit from the exchange of ideas and perspectives facilitated by freedom of expression, crucial for informed decision-making and the formulation of public policy. Individuals are empowered to openly define and express their identities, beliefs, and values. This freedom allows citizens to scrutinize those in authority, promoting transparency and accountability in governance. However, this right is not absolute and may be restricted in cases where speech incites violence or promotes hatred against specific groups. Legislators and courts face the challenging but essential task of balancing the right to expression with the imperative to maintain public order and protect individual rights.
In democratic societies considered civilized worldwide, the right to peaceful assembly and protest is fundamental. Nevertheless, governments establish rules and regulations to manage protests in order to preserve public order, ensure citizen safety, and uphold the rule of law. These regulations are designed to strike a balance between the rights of protesters and the broader societal interests.
In the United States, the First Amendment of the Constitution guarantees the rights to peaceful assembly and freedom of speech. However, demonstrations are typically subject to local laws and regulations. Permits are commonly required for large gatherings or activities that could impact public safety or traffic. Law enforcement collaborates with organizers to uphold orderly and peaceful protests. Instances of violence or damage to property may result in arrests and legal repercussions for those involved, while peaceful demonstrators are safeguarded by constitutional rights.
In the United Kingdom, the right to protest is safeguarded under the Human Rights Act 1998, which incorporates the European Convention on Human Rights into UK legislation. Demonstrations generally require advance notification to the police under the Public Order Act 1986, particularly if they are expected to surpass specified thresholds in terms of size or disruption. Authorities have the authority to impose conditions on protests to prevent disorder, ensure safety, and protect the rights of others. Unlawful assemblies or violent acts can lead to arrests and prosecution under criminal law.
Germany regulates protests under the Basic Law (Grundgesetz) and the Assembly Act (Versammlungsgesetz). While freedom of assembly is protected, organizers are typically required to notify authorities in advance for public demonstrations. Police may impose restrictions or prohibit assemblies if there are concerns about public safety or potential violence. Violent protests or actions that threaten public order can result in arrests and legal consequences. The focus remains on balancing the right to protest with the responsibility to maintain public order and safety.
In Canada, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees freedom of peaceful assembly and expression. Public assemblies, including protests, are generally lawful as long as they remain peaceful and comply with legal requirements. Organizers may need permits for large gatherings or protests that could impact public safety or traffic. Law enforcement agencies have the authority to manage protests, ensure public safety, and prevent violence. Individuals engaging in unlawful behavior during protests may face charges under criminal law.
Australia protects the right to peaceful protest under its Constitution and various state and territory laws. Authorities may require permits for protests in public spaces to manage logistics and ensure public safety. Police have powers to oversee protests, enforce conditions, and prevent disruptions to public order. Acts of violence, vandalism, or obstruction can lead to arrests and prosecution under criminal law. The legal framework aims to strike a balance between the right to protest and the obligation to maintain law and order.
In democratic societies, the right to peaceful protest is a foundational aspect of civic engagement and serves as a potent means of advocating for change. Nevertheless, along with this right comes a set of duties that protesters must fulfill to ensure their actions positively contribute to public discourse and uphold social harmony.
Peaceful protest serves as a non-violent method to express dissent, raise awareness about issues, and mobilize support for social or political change. It encompasses various forms such as marches, demonstrations, rallies, sit-ins, and strikes, all conducted without resorting to violence or promoting harm to others.
Protesters bear responsibilities. During protests, individuals must comply with local laws and regulations, which includes securing necessary permits, following designated protest routes, and cooperating with law enforcement to safeguard public safety. Central to peaceful protest is the principle of non-violence. Protesters must refrain from engaging in physical aggression, damaging property, or any actions that may jeopardize others or escalate tensions. It is crucial that demonstrators avoid harming public or private property as this reinforces the legitimacy of their cause and garners public support. Effective protests convey clear messages and demands. Organizers should articulate their objectives, grievances, and proposed solutions to the public and relevant authorities in a respectful and constructive manner. It’s crucial to embrace inclusivity by ensuring diverse perspectives and voices are represented in the protest. Respect for differences fosters a welcoming environment for all participants, irrespective of background or identity.
Protesters should remain aware of their surroundings and considerate of how their actions might affect bystanders, businesses, and local communities. Minimizing disruptions helps maintain public support and the credibility of the protest. Participants should prioritize their safety and well-being by following organizers’ instructions, staying hydrated, and being mindful of weather conditions and potential hazards.
Maintaining peaceful resolution is paramount, as exemplified by numerous instances from around the world.
The People Power Revolution in the Philippines illustrates a non-violent mass movement that ousted a dictator. In February 1986, millions converged at EDSA in Manila, demanding President Ferdinand Marcos’ resignation and supporting military defections, ultimately restoring democracy through peaceful demonstrations and solidarity.
The Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia further demonstrates the peaceful overthrow of communist rule in Eastern Europe. Beginning in November 1989, mass protests and strikes demanded political reforms and an end to one-party rule, led by dissident figures like Václav Havel. Hundreds of thousands peacefully gathered in Prague’s Wenceslas Square and other cities, contributing to transformative political change. The revolution led to the Communist government’s resignation and paved the way for democratic elections. The Baltic Way was an extraordinary display of non-violent protest involving around two million people across Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. On August 23, 1989, marking the 50th anniversary of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, citizens of the Baltic states formed a human chain stretching over 600 kilometers from Tallinn to Vilnius. Holding hands and singing national songs, they peacefully expressed their desire for independence from Soviet rule. The Baltic Way endures as a symbol of solidarity and peaceful resistance against oppression.
In Chile, starting from October 2019, a series of massive protests erupted demanding social and economic reforms. Initially sparked by a hike in subway fares, the protests swiftly expanded to encompass broader grievances about inequality, healthcare, education, and constitutional reforms dating back to the Pinochet dictatorship. Millions marched peacefully through the streets of Santiago and other cities, participating in demonstrations for months. Following contested presidential elections in August 2020, Belarus witnessed extensive protests against the longstanding regime of President Alexander Lukashenko. Known as the “Revolution of Dignity,” demonstrators peacefully assembled in Minsk and other cities, advocating for fair elections, respect for human rights, and an end to authoritarian governance. The demonstrations upheld a commitment to non-violence.
In contrast, the situation in Pakistan diverges significantly from more orderly societies. Unfortunately, Pakistan has experienced several instances of violent protests in recent years. These protests, characterized by their intensity and occasional outbreaks of violence, highlight underlying complexities within Pakistani society and the challenges of addressing these issues through peaceful means. Incidents of violent protests often resulted in casualties and injuries among protesters, law enforcement personnel, and bystanders.
The loss of life and physical harm underscores the seriousness and potential dangers associated with escalated demonstrations. Blockades of roads, acts of vandalism, and damage to public and private property disrupt daily life and essential services. Such disruptions affect businesses, schools, and transportation networks, impacting livelihoods and economic stability. Persistent incidents of violent protests can exacerbate political polarization and deepen social divisions within Pakistani society.
Debates surrounding the legitimacy of protests, responses by authorities, and media coverage can further heighten tensions. Continued unrest and violence may also deter both domestic and foreign investment, potentially stalling economic growth and developmental initiatives. Stability and predictability are critical for sustained economic progress.
It is important to note that Pakistan has laws and regulations designed to protect lives and property, and stringent measures are in place to address instances of violence. These include provisions such as, Obstructing public way (Section 283 PPC), Wrongful restraint or confinement (Section 342 PPC), Criminal intimidation (Section 506 PPC), Assault or violence (Sections 322, 323, 324 PPC), Unlawful assembly or rioting (Sections 141-149 PPC), Causing hurt or grievous hurt (Sections 319-338 PPC), Wrongful occupation of public space or land (Section 297 PPC), Encroachment on public roads or spaces (Section 297 PPC), Creating public nuisance (Section 290 PPC) and Disobeying lawful orders (Section 188 PPC) etc. These offenses related to obstruction of public pathways are punishable under the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) and the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), allowing police to arrest suspects without a warrant for these offenses. Unfortunately, many people in Pakistan are unaware of these laws, and leaders who are aware often fail to educate the public about them. Leaders of violent protests in Pakistan exploit this lack of awareness among the populace, using them as human shields and leveraging their grievances to manipulate the government for personal gain. It is crucially evident that, despite having all the necessary laws and regulations in place, the State and law enforcement agencies are displaying leniency towards violent elements.
In Pakistan, protests frequently occur without obtaining official permissions from the government. In contrast, many democratic nations considered civilized uphold the right to peaceful protest as a fundamental aspect of freedom of expression. However, to ensure public safety, maintain order, and uphold the rights of all citizens, protesters often must obtain permission or notify authorities before organizing demonstrations.
In the United States, the First Amendment guarantees the right to peaceful assembly and freedom of speech. While spontaneous demonstrations or small gatherings may not always require permits, organizers typically seek permits for larger protests that could impact public safety or traffic. Permits are typically issued by local authorities, such as city governments or police departments, to ensure demonstrations proceed peacefully and orderly. This process generally involves submitting an application detailing the planned location, timing, and expected number of participants. Authorities may impose conditions to ensure public safety, such as specifying march routes or setting time limits for protests.
In the United Kingdom, the right to protest is protected under the Human Rights Act 1998, which incorporates the European Convention on Human Rights. Organizers are encouraged to notify police in advance for larger gatherings or protests that may affect public order. Under the Public Order Act 1986, police have powers to impose conditions on protests to prevent disorder, ensure safety, and protect the rights of others. This notification process facilitates coordination between organizers and authorities to ensure protests are conducted lawfully and peacefully.
Germany regulates protests under the Basic Law (Grundgesetz) and the Assembly Act (Versammlungsgesetz). While freedom of assembly is protected, organizers must notify authorities in advance for public demonstrations. This notification allows authorities to assess potential risks, coordinate security measures, and ensure protests do not disrupt public order or safety. Police may restrict or prohibit assemblies if there are concerns about violence or disturbances, aiming to balance the right to protest with the responsibility to maintain public order and uphold democratic principles.
In Australia, the right to peaceful protest is recognized under the Constitution and various state and territory laws. organizers may need to notify police in advance for protests in public spaces. This notification process helps manage logistics, ensure public safety, and minimize disruptions. Police have authority to oversee protests to ensure they remain peaceful and lawful. Acts of violence, obstruction, or vandalism during protests can result in arrests and legal consequences under criminal law, emphasizing the importance of maintaining peaceful conduct. In Canada, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the freedom of peaceful assembly and expression. Public assemblies, including protests, are generally considered lawful as long as they remain peaceful and adhere to legal requirements. Organizers may be required to obtain permits or licenses from local authorities for protests that could impact public safety or traffic. Law enforcement agencies collaborate with organizers to ensure protests are conducted safely and lawfully, balancing the rights of demonstrators with the imperative to uphold public order.
In every society, laws and regulations serve as the foundation of order, justice, and societal well-being. They establish norms that govern behavior, protect rights, and ensure accountability at both individual and collective levels. Compliance with these laws is not merely a legal obligation but a fundamental principle that underpins the fabric of a functioning and equitable society. Upholding social order and regulations provides a framework for preserving social harmony and stability. They define acceptable conduct and delineate consequences for violations, thereby fostering predictability in daily interactions. Establishing clear boundaries, laws help mitigate conflicts, reduce uncertainty, and promote peaceful coexistence within diverse communities. Fundamental to the role of laws and regulations is the protection of individual rights and freedoms. These legal frameworks safeguard essential liberties such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, as well as rights to due process, privacy, and property. By respecting laws, individuals ensure their rights are upheld and contribute to a framework that promotes fairness and equality under the law.
Respect for laws and regulations fosters trust in governmental institutions and the rule of law. When laws are consistently applied and impartially enforced, citizens trust that justice will prevail and their rights will be respected. This trust is essential for promoting civic engagement, democratic participation, and collective efforts to tackle societal challenges effectively.
Moreover, laws provide mechanisms for holding individuals and organizations accountable for their actions. They establish procedures for resolving disputes, addressing grievances, and seeking redress for harm or injustice. By adhering to these legal processes, individuals contribute to a fair and equitable society where everyone is held to the same standards of conduct and where justice is accessible to all.
A stable legal framework supports economic growth and prosperity by offering businesses and investors certainty and confidence. Laws governing commerce, taxation, contracts, and intellectual property rights create an environment conducive to innovation, entrepreneurship, and investment. Compliance with these regulations promotes fair competition, levels the playing field for businesses, and strengthens the overall economy.
It is unfortunate to witness recent violent protests in several parts of Pakistan and AJK. Inflation and poverty are universal challenges present worldwide. However, the solution to these issues does not lie in resorting to violence against the state and its institutions. Instead, there is a critical need for awareness about the laws and regulations of the country. By understanding and adhering to these laws, individuals can avoid actions that harm the country, its people, assets, and properties, contributing instead to constructive dialogue and lawful means of addressing societal concerns.