Abdul Basit Alvi
The term “elite” often conjures images of power, privilege, and influence. This label applies to individuals or groups who wield substantial sway over various facets of society, including political leaders, business magnates, cultural icons, and intellectuals.
At its essence, “elite” denotes a select group distinguished by exceptional qualities, skills, or power that set them apart from the general populace. These distinguishing factors might include wealth, education, social status, or expertise. The concept of an elite transcends a single domain, encompassing various sectors. Political Elites are individuals who hold significant political power or influence. Examples include heads of state, influential politicians, and senior advisors. Political elites often shape policies and decisions that affect entire nations or regions. Wealthy individuals or families who control substantial economic resources fall into category of economic elites. Business magnates, major investors, and leading entrepreneurs are typical examples. Their financial power often allows them to impact markets and economic policies. Cultural Elites are individuals who shape cultural norms and values through their work in the arts, literature, and media. Renowned artists, authors, and entertainers are part of this group. They influence public perceptions and societal trends. Intellectual Elites are academics, scientists, and thought leaders who contribute significantly to knowledge and innovation. Their research and ideas often drive advancements in various fields. Elites have the ability to shape opinions, decisions, and outcomes within their spheres of influence. This can range from setting political agendas to driving cultural trends. Elites often have access to substantial resources, whether financial, intellectual, or social. This access can amplify their impact and sustain their position of prominence. They are usually well-connected with other influential individuals and groups. These networks can provide support, facilitate collaborations, and enhance their influence. Their status is often acknowledged by others, reinforcing their position as leaders or authorities in their respective fields. The concentration of power and resources among elites can exacerbate social and economic inequalities. This disparity can lead to unequal opportunities and hinder social mobility for others. Elites often have the power to shape public policy and decision-making processes, which can lead to policies that favor their interests, sometimes at the expense of broader societal needs. Elites may operate with limited transparency and accountability, which can lead to abuses of power and corruption. There is often a perception that elites are out of touch with the experiences and needs of the general population, leading to policies and decisions that do not reflect the broader public interest. The elite’s control over resources and opportunities can perpetuate social and economic inequalities, making it difficult for others to advance or achieve similar status.
As President of the United States, Joe Biden is one of the most influential political figures worldwide. In his role as head of state and government, he is responsible for shaping national policies, managing international diplomacy, and leading the U.S. executive branch. Biden’s extensive political career includes his previous service as Vice President under Barack Obama.
Xi Jinping, as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and President of the People’s Republic of China, stands as one of the most powerful global leaders. He oversees China’s economic strategies, domestic governance, and international relations, profoundly influencing global geopolitics and China’s position on the world stage.
Mukesh Ambani, chairman and largest shareholder of Reliance Industries, is a prominent economic elite in India. His wealth and business acumen place him at the forefront of India’s economic landscape. Reliance Industries, under his leadership, operates across various sectors, including petrochemicals, refining, telecommunications, and retail.
Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, is a leading figure in technology and business, driving innovation and shaping the future of multiple industries. Elon Musk’s ventures in electric vehicles, space exploration, and renewable energy have significantly impacted multiple industries. His influence extends beyond business, positioning him as a major force in advancing technological innovation and sustainability.
Sir David Attenborough is a celebrated broadcaster and natural historian renowned for his nature documentaries. His impactful work, including the “Planet Earth” series, has educated and inspired millions about the natural world, establishing him as a key cultural elite through his contributions to environmental awareness and education.
The South Korean boy band BTS, also known as Bangtan Sonyeondan, has gained global fame and influence. Their impact on music, culture, and social issues reaches far beyond South Korea, making them prominent cultural elites in the global entertainment industry. Their success has contributed to the global popularity of K-pop and fostered cultural exchange.
Noam Chomsky is a linguist, philosopher, and political activist famous for his pioneering work in linguistics and critical analysis of media and politics. His theories on language and cognition have profoundly shaped modern linguistics, while his writings on politics and media have had a significant influence on global public discourse.
Emmanuel Macron, the President of France, stands out as an intellectual elite due to his background in philosophy and his influence on European and global policies. His academic achievements and political leadership make him a prominent intellectual figure in contemporary European politics.
Elites are typically characterized by their substantial economic resources. They often acquire significant wealth through investments, high-income professions, or ownership of large enterprises, granting them access to luxury goods, exclusive services, and high-quality healthcare. This economic status provides them with financial security and opportunities that are less accessible to other social classes.
The middle class occupies an intermediate economic position, enjoying a comfortable lifestyle with moderate income levels but lacking the affluence of elites. Middle-class individuals can often afford homeownership, higher education, and some discretionary spending but may face financial pressures and are more vulnerable to economic downturns than elites.
The lower class, sometimes referred to as the working or poor class, faces economic challenges and limited resources. Individuals in this group often hold lower-paying jobs, rely on public assistance, or experience economic instability, which restricts their access to basic necessities, healthcare, and opportunities for advancement, making financial security a significant concern.
Elites benefit from unparalleled access to resources, including top-tier educational opportunities, high-quality healthcare, and influential social networks. Their financial means allow them to attend prestigious institutions, receive specialized medical care, and leverage connections to further their interests. They can also invest in assets like real estate, stocks, and businesses to increase their wealth. In contrast, the middle class has access to a reasonable level of resources but lacks the exclusivity and extent of access enjoyed by the elite. Middle-class individuals typically have access to quality education and healthcare, yet they may encounter financial limitations that restrict their options. While their resources allow for a comfortable lifestyle, they may not afford luxuries or extensive investments. In contrast, the lower class often faces significant limitations in accessing education and healthcare. Financial instability can impede their ability to invest in long-term assets or secure stable employment. Lower-class individuals frequently depend on public services and assistance programs, which offer essential support but may not match the quality or scope of private resources. Elites, on the other hand, wield considerable social influence thanks to their wealth, power, and positions of authority. Elites typically wield significant influence across political, economic, and cultural domains, shaping public policies, market trends, and cultural norms. Their opinions and actions can have substantial societal impacts, and they often have the power to steer media narratives and public discourse.
The middle class holds moderate social influence. While they may not have the same level of power as elites, they are crucial in the workforce and consumer market. Their collective spending power and voting patterns can affect economic trends and political outcomes. Middle-class individuals can impact their communities and contribute to societal change, although their influence is generally less pronounced compared to that of elites.
The lower class often experiences limited social influence. Economic constraints and social marginalization can restrict their participation in high-level decision-making and public discourse. Despite this, grassroots movements and community organizations can help amplify their voices and advocate for change, although their impact is usually smaller compared to that of the middle and upper classes.
Elites enjoy a lifestyle marked by luxury and exclusivity. They have the means to frequently travel, reside in upscale neighborhoods, and access premium services and products. Their consumption patterns include high-value goods and experiences such as fine dining, private events, and bespoke services.
In contrast, the middle class generally leads a comfortable and stable lifestyle, with consumption focused on quality goods and services that offer practicality and value. They may enjoy vacations, dining out, and cultural activities, but their consumption is typically more moderate compared to that of elites.
The lower class often faces greater economic constraints, focusing their spending on basic necessities and essential services. Leisure activities and discretionary spending are limited, and they may struggle to access higher-quality goods and services.
In Pakistan, the elite class is similarly marked by a concentration of wealth and power, contributing to notable economic disparities. The gap between the elite and the broader population can deepen social and economic inequalities. The presence of political dynasties can restrict political mobility and entrench existing power structures, potentially impeding democratic processes and reform efforts. Issues such as corruption, nepotism, and lack of accountability among elites can undermine public trust and hinder effective governance. Additionally, the dominance of cultural elites can marginalize diverse voices and perspectives, affecting the representation of various social and cultural groups in media and public discourse.
Recently, DG ISPR addressed the issue of elites in Pakistan, clarifying that some claims that the Pakistan Army constitutes the country’s elite are incorrect. Understanding the significant contributions of the Pakistan Army is essential to appreciate how it serves and supports the people of Pakistan. A national army is vital for a country’s defense and stability, and its role extends beyond merely safeguarding national sovereignty. In the modern era, an army plays a key part in national security, disaster response, and international diplomacy.
The primary mission of any national army is to protect the country’s territory from external threats. This involves maintaining a well-equipped and trained force prepared to address potential invasions, conflicts, or military aggression from other nations. The army’s defensive responsibilities include securing borders, conducting surveillance, and engaging in combat operations when necessary. National armies often play a crucial role in counterterrorism efforts. They work to prevent and address terrorist threats through intelligence operations, coordination with other security agencies, and targeted actions to dismantle terrorist networks and safeguard civilians.
During natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, or hurricanes, the army provides vital humanitarian assistance. This includes search and rescue missions, medical aid, and the distribution of relief supplies. With their logistical capabilities and organizational structure, armies can respond swiftly and effectively to large-scale emergencies. Army medical units frequently set up field hospitals, deliver medical care, and assist in the evacuation and treatment of injured or ill individuals during such crises.
Domestically, the army may support internal peace and order by responding to civil unrest, aiding law enforcement agencies, and ensuring public safety during political instability or social unrest. Additionally, many national armies participate in international peacekeeping missions, often under the United Nations, to stabilize conflict regions, protect civilians, and support peacebuilding efforts. These missions help foster global stability and international cooperation.
The army invests in training programs to maintain readiness and proficiency, including regular drills, exercises, and specialized training in combat tactics, logistics, and leadership. These programs are designed to enhance the skills and capabilities of army personnel. Armies also engage in joint training exercises with allied forces from other countries, which improve interoperability, share best practices, and strengthen international defense relationships.
In peacetime, the army may contribute to building and maintaining critical infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and facilities, particularly in remote or underdeveloped areas with limited civil resources. Additionally, the army can support public services, like constructing schools or providing water and sanitation services, thereby contributing to community development and well-being.
National armies often invest in research and development to advance military technology and capabilities, including developing new equipment, enhancing existing systems, and exploring innovative solutions for national defense. Army research departments analyze geopolitical trends, security threats, and defense strategies, providing valuable insights for informed decision-making and strategic planning.
Globally, there are notable examples of armies making significant contributions to their nations. For instance, the U.S. Army’s response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005 showcased its effective disaster relief capabilities. The Army played a crucial role in emergency response efforts by providing search and rescue operations, medical care, and logistical support. Similarly, during the 2019-2020 bushfire crisis in Australia, the Australian Army assisted with firefighting, offered logistical support, and helped with evacuation and relief efforts, showcasing its ability to contribute effectively to national crisis management.
In the context of the Pakistan Army, it is essential to address and dispel misconceptions. The Pakistan Army is not only a formidable military force but also a reflection of the country’s rich and diverse cultural, ethnic, and regional tapestry. Its personnel come from various backgrounds, representing Pakistan’s complex demographic landscape. The Pakistan Army is a microcosm of the nation’s ethnic and regional diversity. For instance, Punjabis, as the largest ethnic group in Pakistan, constitute a significant portion of the army’s ranks. They bring a strong regional identity and a tradition of military service. Sindhis from the Sindh province contribute to the army’s diversity with their distinct cultural heritage and regional perspectives. Pashtuns from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and tribal areas are known for their strong martial traditions and their role in the army’s operations in border regions. Baloch soldiers from Balochistan add to the army’s diversity with their unique cultural background and regional experiences. The Urdu-speaking Muhajirs, who migrated from India during partition, also play a vital role in the army, bringing their own cultural and historical perspectives. Additionally, people from Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) make significant contributions to the Pakistan Army, having a substantial presence in the armed forces.
While Islam is the predominant religion among Pakistan Army personnel, there is a notable presence of religious minorities within the force, reflecting the broader religious landscape of Pakistan. Christians, as a minority community, serve in various roles, including both combat and non-combat positions. Hindus, although a smaller minority, are also represented in the army, reflecting their integration into the national fabric.
The Pakistan Army recruits from a wide range of socio-economic backgrounds, fostering a force that mirrors the nation’s diverse socio-economic realities. Soldiers come from both rural and urban areas, bringing a variety of perspectives and experiences. The army includes individuals with different educational and economic backgrounds, enriching the force with a broad pool of skills and knowledge.
The diverse backgrounds of Pakistan Army personnel enhance tactical flexibility and adaptability. Soldiers from various regions and ethnicities bring unique skills and insights that are valuable in different operational contexts. Their regional and ethnic diversity often improves their ability to engage with local populations during peacekeeping and counterinsurgency operations, offering valuable local knowledge that can enhance operational planning and execution.
This diversity also fosters unity and cohesion within the army. Emphasizing professionalism and discipline helps integrate individuals from different ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds into a cohesive fighting force. A shared commitment to national defense and security bridges ethnic and regional differences, fostering a sense of common purpose and national identity. Diverse teams often exhibit improved problem-solving abilities and creativity, contributing to effective teamwork and collaboration. The Pakistan Army’s inclusive approach promotes social harmony and integration by providing opportunities for individuals from various backgrounds to serve, thereby supporting social mobility and national unity. Recruitment policies are designed to offer equal opportunities to individuals from diverse backgrounds, promoting social equity and inclusivity. The army exemplifies how embracing diversity can lead to collective success and serves as a model for broader societal integration.
It’s important to understand that while elites often focus on their own interests and may be disconnected from the issues faced by the general public, the Pakistan Army operates differently. The army dedicates itself day and night to fostering peace and prosperity within the country. In a recent press briefing, DG ISPR Lieutenant General Ahmed Sharif emphasized that the officers and personnel of the Pakistan Army are not part of the elite class. He reaffirmed their commitment to serving the nation despite any baseless criticisms they may face. In reality, the officers and soldiers of the Pakistan Army primarily come from middle-class and lower-income families, not from the elite. In the fiscal year 2022-23 alone, the Pakistan Army and its associated institutions contributed 360 billion rupees to the national treasury through taxes and duties. The recent briefing covered a range of issues, underscoring the belief held by the nation, government, and Pakistan Army that the Baloch Solidarity Committee and its so-called leadership are affiliated with terrorist organizations. The Pakistan Army remains dedicated to eradicating terrorism, having conducted 32,622 operations against terrorists and their facilitators this year. Additionally, the government has banned two terrorist organizations and labeled the TTP as Khawarij-ul-Fatna.
The provision of education, healthcare, and clean water in Balochistan is a top priority for the army. Major infrastructure projects, including roads and bridges in Balochistan, have been completed with the support of the Pakistan Army, and thousands of personnel have been deployed to protect CPEC projects. The army is also actively involved in combating smuggling and addressing the lack of basic facilities and employment in Balochistan’s border areas with Iran. The local population in these regions relies heavily on trade with Iran, and a complete sealing of the border could potentially empower smuggling mafias to criticize the army.
DG ISPR stated that the Baloch Solidarity Committee and its so-called leadership are linked to enemy interests. In Gwadar, for example, the government maintains its authority, and while peaceful protest is acknowledged as a right, the committee has been criticized for blocking roads and engaging in destructive activities. The DG ISPR emphasized that the committee acts as a proxy for terrorists and criminal elements.
Additionally, he noted that while one million Indian troops are stationed in Kashmir, some anti-state elements within Pakistan receive funding from our adversaries and are tasked with creating instability. The Pakistan Army remains resolute in its stance against these elements and has a firm position regarding the events of May 9, with no intention of altering this stance.
The Pakistan Army is unwavering in its commitment to continuing the fight against terrorism until the last terrorist is defeated. Beyond counter-terrorism and military operations, the army actively engages in socio-economic projects, including welfare initiatives in education, healthcare, economic self-reliance, and other areas, in collaboration with federal and provincial governments. The Pakistan Army places special emphasis on the merged districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the affected areas of Balochistan. Additionally, welfare projects are either underway or have been completed in other regions of the country, including Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. Recognizing the crucial role of education in national development, it is noteworthy that the Pakistan Army is actively engaged in educational initiatives across the country, with a particular focus on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. Comprehensive efforts have been made to provide educational resources in the affected regions, with several educational institutions established. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, particularly in the newly merged districts, this includes 94 schools, 12 cadet colleges, and 10 technical and vocational colleges.
It is encouraging to know that approximately 80,000 children are benefiting from these institutions. Notably, two major projects highlight these initiatives. The Youth Employment Scheme launched by the Chief of Army Staff, which offers free education to 1,500 local children in these districts, including military colleges. Education for All is a plan that has enrolled 746,768 students from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, including over 94,000 from the newly merged districts. This initiative provides not only education but also digital and technical skills to help the youth become successful members of society.
In Balochistan, efforts include the establishment of 160 schools and colleges, 12 cadet colleges, universities, and 3 technical institutions serving 60,000 students, all with the support of federal and provincial governments. A comprehensive scholarship program funded by the Pakistan Army provides full support, including facilities and expenses, to over 8,000 students in Balochistan. Additionally, 92 schools run by FC and the Pakistan Army are providing quality education to 19,000 students, and 253 students have been granted higher education opportunities in universities in the United Arab Emirates.
The recent action taken against a former general demonstrates that the Pakistani Army is committed to accountability, applying it impartially across all ranks. This further proves that the Pakistani Army is not an elitist institution.
It is important to recognize that such initiatives are often overlooked by the elite, who may not engage with issues that benefit the general public. When the elite class seems disengaged from the real concerns of the people, comparing the Pakistan Army—which tirelessly works for national betterment—to such elites is unfair. Indeed, the Pakistan Army represents a beacon of hope, dedicated to bringing peace and prosperity to Pakistan and addressing internal and external challenges. If some still label the Pakistan Army as elite, the nation takes pride in this elite and holds deep respect and admiration for this form of elite service.
